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Short Sellers Beware: Gold “Must Go Higher” – Edelson Institute | Kitco News

09 Tuesday Oct 2018

Posted by landisrefining in gold, market, precious metal market, scrap gold, scrap precious metals, US market

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three gold bars

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The cost of acquisitions has now fallen below the cost of exploration for major miners, and gold prices could benefit from a dwindling resource supply, this according to a recent report from the Edelson Institute.

Sean Brodrick of the Edelson Institute said that if gold prices don’t advance higher from here, many miners are likely to go out of business.

“If companies go out of business, and the only ‘new’ gold ounces come through acquisitions, that means gold supply will go down. And as surely as dawn follows night, prices will go up,” Brodrick said.

His comments come as Barrick Gold recently announced a merger with Randgold, forming the world’s undisputed largest gold miner.

According to the report, the cost of finding gold through exploration has climbed eight-fold since 2007, and gold miners are using up the resources in the ground.

Read more via Short Sellers Beware: Gold “Must Go Higher” – Edelson Institute | Kitco News

PRECIOUS-Gold prices crawl up as dollar pauses rally | Reuters

07 Monday May 2018

Posted by landisrefining in gold, market, precious metal market, scrap gold, scrap precious metals

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American Gold Coin

BENGALURU, May 7 (Reuters) – Gold prices edged up in early
trade on Monday as the dollar took a breather after climbing to
its highest level this year in the previous session.

FUNDAMENTALS
* Spot gold rose 0.2 percent to $1,316.62 per ounce
at 0034 GMT.
* U.S. gold futures for June delivery were up 0.2
percent at $1,317.20 per ounce.
* The dollar index , which measures the greenback
against a basket of six major currencies, was steady at 92.547
after hitting its best since December at 92.900 on Friday.

* U.S. job growth increased less than expected in April and
the unemployment rate dropped to near a 17-1/2-year low of 3.9
percent as some out-of-work Americans left the labor force.
* Two Federal Reserve officials who are currently voting
members of the U.S. central bank’s rate-setting committee said
on Friday they were keeping an open mind on the total number of
interest rate rises needed this year.
* U.S. interest rate futures rose modestly on Friday, as
traders still expect the Federal Reserve to raise key borrowing
costs at its June 12-13 policy meeting in the wake of
weaker-than-forecast growth in domestic payrolls and wages in
April.
* Euro zone business growth dimmed again in April but the
picture remained relatively bright as new business stayed
buoyant and firms managed to build up backlogs of work, a survey
showed on Friday.
* SPDR Gold Trust , the world’s largest gold-backed
exchange-traded fund, said its holdings fell 0.17 percent to
864.13 tonnes on Friday from 865.60 tonnes on Thursday.

* Hedge funds and money managers trimmed their net long
positions in COMEX gold contracts in the week to May 1, U.S.
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) data showed on
Friday.
* Demand for physical gold barely changed in major Asian
hubs last week even as global prices weakened, while a
correction in local rates in India prompted retail consumers and
jewellers to start purchases.
* The World Gold Council, owner of the world’s largest
gold-backed exchange traded fund (ETF), is launching a new fund
with a cut-price management fee to fend off rivals with lower
charges, a source familiar with the matter told Reuters.

via PRECIOUS-Gold prices crawl up as dollar pauses rally | Reuters

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Simplified and Predictable Aesthetic Adhesive Cementation of Indirect Restorations | Dentistry Today

30 Friday Mar 2018

Posted by landisrefining in dental techniques, dentist, health and wellness, oral health

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Choosing an appropriate adhesive resin cement for definitive cementation of indirect restorations can be challenging for patients requiring restorative treatment. Ideal bond strength is necessary to ensure functional treatment durability. Likewise, cement shade stability is also important for long-term aesthetics; the color of adhesive resin cements affects how the shade of tooth substrates interacts with the optical properties of restorative materials and also affects shade matching with adjacent restorations or natural teeth.

To simplify durable and aesthetic cementation of indirect restorations, a universal dual-cure adhesive resin cement system can be used (G-CEM LinkForce [GC America]). G-CEM LinkForce is a 3-component system for predictably and securely placing ceramic, resin, and metal-based inlay, onlay, crown, and bridge restorations. Ideal when adhesive bonding is required to ensure adequate strength of stacked feldspathic ceramic, pressed leucite ceramic, and/or lithium disilicate restorations (eg, GC Initial LiSi Press High Density Micronization (HDM) high-strength pressable lithium disilicate), it is also beneficial when a lack of retention form prevents mechanical retention—as with partial coverage, inlay, onlay, or veneer restorations—regardless of restorative material.

The G-CEM LinkForce self-cure mode is advantageous in situations in which restorations are thick, opaque, or located in areas that cannot confidently be thoroughly light cured. It is also indicated for the cementation of metal, ceramic, and fiber posts, as well as cast post and cores. Its universal application also includes permanent cementation of crowns and bridges on implant abutments.

Figure 1. View of the intaglio surface of the full cast gold crown for tooth No. 31 prior to micro air abrasion/etching. Figure 2. View of the intaglio surface of the full cast gold crown after micro air abrasion.
Figure 3. To begin loading cement into the crown, the nozzle was placed at the base. Figure 4. Using the nozzle to paint the internal walls of the restoration with cement, the cement was introduced into the crown.
Figure 5. Postoperative view of the crown restoration following cementation, with excess cement removed and ready for full function.

Unlike other dual- and self-cure cements that color shift over time, G-CEM LinkForce remains color stable, exhibits tooth-like fluorescence, and is available in corresponding try-in pastes. This allows dentists and patients to accurately preview aesthetics before permanent cementation.
The G-CEM LinkForce system includes (1) G-CEM LinkForce Resin Cement; (2) G-Multi Primer for stable chemical adhesion, coupling between adhesive-treated and restoration surfaces; (3) G-Premio BOND universal adhesive bonding agent for self-etch, selective-etch, and/or total-etch adhesive bonding; and (4) G-Premio BOND Dual Cure Activator for achieving high bond strengths when self-curing is required.

In the case of a 71-year-old male patient, G-CEM LinkForce was ideal for cementing a full-cast gold crown restoration to treat tooth No. 31. Prior to delivery, the intaglio surface of the restoration was properly prepared chairside with micro air abrasion (Etchmaster [Groman]).

At the cementation appointment, the provisional restoration was removed and the preparation thoroughly cleaned. The definitive restoration was tried in. After confirming patient approval, the restoration was removed and dried. G-Multi Primer was applied to the intaglio surface of the restoration and dried with an air syringe.

Meticulous isolation was established, the preparation was rinsed and dried, and then the preparation was selectively etched and dried. When light-curing, G-Premio BOND is applied, allowed to set for 10 seconds, air dried for 5 seconds, and light cured for 10 seconds. When using dual-cure mode, G-Premio Bond and DCA are applied in a 1:1 ratio, allowed to set for 20 seconds, and air dried for 5 seconds.

G-CEM LinkForce in Shade A2 was extruded directly into the restoration, which was immediately seated onto the preparation while maintaining pressure. The cement was tack cured for 2 to 4 seconds to facilitate easier, atraumatic cleanup by allowing for easy peeling off of the excess. The restoration was then light cured from each surface/margin for 20 seconds. Overall, using G-CEM LinkForce contributed to a more comfortable patient experience during a simplified cementation appointment while simultaneously ensuring a secure, aesthetically predictable restoration.

Choosing an appropriate adhesive resin cement for definitive cementation of indirect restorations can be challenging for patients requiring restorative treatment. Ideal bond strength is necessary to ensure functional treatment durability. Likewise, cement shade stability is also important for long-term aesthetics; the color of adhesive resin cements affects how the shade of tooth substrates interacts with the optical properties of restorative materials and also affects shade matching with adjacent restorations or natural teeth.

To simplify durable and aesthetic cementation of indirect restorations, a universal dual-cure adhesive resin cement system can be used (G-CEM LinkForce [GC America]). G-CEM LinkForce is a 3-component system for predictably and securely placing ceramic, resin, and metal-based inlay, onlay, crown, and bridge restorations. Ideal when adhesive bonding is required to ensure adequate strength of stacked feldspathic ceramic, pressed leucite ceramic, and/or lithium disilicate restorations (eg, GC Initial LiSi Press High Density Micronization (HDM) high-strength pressable lithium disilicate), it is also beneficial when a lack of retention form prevents mechanical retention—as with partial coverage, inlay, onlay, or veneer restorations—regardless of restorative material.

The G-CEM LinkForce self-cure mode is advantageous in situations in which restorations are thick, opaque, or located in areas that cannot confidently be thoroughly light cured. It is also indicated for the cementation of metal, ceramic, and fiber posts, as well as cast post and cores. Its universal application also includes permanent cementation of crowns and bridges on implant abutments.

Figure 1. View of the intaglio surface of the full cast gold crown for tooth No. 31 prior to micro air abrasion/etching. Figure 2. View of the intaglio surface of the full cast gold crown after micro air abrasion.
Figure 3. To begin loading cement into the crown, the nozzle was placed at the base. Figure 4. Using the nozzle to paint the internal walls of the restoration with cement, the cement was introduced into the crown.
Figure 5. Postoperative view of the crown restoration following cementation, with excess cement removed and ready for full function.

Unlike other dual- and self-cure cements that color shift over time, G-CEM LinkForce remains color stable, exhibits tooth-like fluorescence, and is available in corresponding try-in pastes. This allows dentists and patients to accurately preview aesthetics before permanent cementation.
The G-CEM LinkForce system includes (1) G-CEM LinkForce Resin Cement; (2) G-Multi Primer for stable chemical adhesion, coupling between adhesive-treated and restoration surfaces; (3) G-Premio BOND universal adhesive bonding agent for self-etch, selective-etch, and/or total-etch adhesive bonding; and (4) G-Premio BOND Dual Cure Activator for achieving high bond strengths when self-curing is required.

In the case of a 71-year-old male patient, G-CEM LinkForce was ideal for cementing a full-cast gold crown restoration to treat tooth No. 31. Prior to delivery, the intaglio surface of the restoration was properly prepared chairside with micro air abrasion (Etchmaster [Groman]).

At the cementation appointment, the provisional restoration was removed and the preparation thoroughly cleaned. The definitive restoration was tried in. After confirming patient approval, the restoration was removed and dried. G-Multi Primer was applied to the intaglio surface of the restoration and dried with an air syringe.

Meticulous isolation was established, the preparation was rinsed and dried, and then the preparation was selectively etched and dried. When light-curing, G-Premio BOND is applied, allowed to set for 10 seconds, air dried for 5 seconds, and light cured for 10 seconds. When using dual-cure mode, G-Premio Bond and DCA are applied in a 1:1 ratio, allowed to set for 20 seconds, and air dried for 5 seconds.

G-CEM LinkForce in Shade A2 was extruded directly into the restoration, which was immediately seated onto the preparation while maintaining pressure. The cement was tack cured for 2 to 4 seconds to facilitate easier, atraumatic cleanup by allowing for easy peeling off of the excess. The restoration was then light cured from each surface/margin for 20 seconds. Overall, using G-CEM LinkForce contributed to a more comfortable patient experience during a simplified cementation appointment while simultaneously ensuring a secure, aesthetically predictable restoration.

via Simplified and Predictable Aesthetic Adhesive Cementation of Indirect Restorations | Dentistry Today

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